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Charles François de Riffardeau, marquis de Rivière
Charles François de Riffardeau, marquis, then duc de Rivière (Ferté-sur-Cher,〔''Universal Pronouncing Dictionary of Biography and Mythography'', ''s.v.'' "Rivière〕 17 December 1763 — 1828) was French ambassador to the Sublime Porte of the Ottoman Empire, 1815–1821, for which service he was made ''duc'' in 1825. He played a role in getting the Venus de Milo for the Musée du Louvre.
Rivière joined the Guards at the age of seventeen. He fled at the opening of the French Revolution with the first wave of émigrés headed by Louis XVI's brother, the comte d'Artois, later Charles X, whom he followed as aide de camp to London with "a degree of superabundant loyal zeal".〔Giles Stephen Holland Fox-Strangways, ed. ''The Journal of Elizabeth Lady Holland (1791-1811)'' vol. II (1908) p. 53 note 2.〕 The comte d'Artois entrusted him with several missions to Brittany and the Vendée. In the time of Napoleon he returned to France with Charles Pichegru in 1804 and was implicated in the conspiracy against the Emperor's life headed by Georges Cadoudal; though Rivière was sentenced to death, his sentence was commuted to life imprisonment, and he was interned at Fort de Joux.〔Here Toussaint Louverture had been imprisoned in 1803.〕 He was not released until the Bourbon Restoration, when Louis XVIII made him a Peer of France and appointed him ambassador to the Ottoman court.〔Louis XVIII to Talleyrand, 15 January 1815: ''Memoirs of the Prince de Talleyrand'' (New York: Putnam's) 1891 vol. III, p. 10.〕 On his return to France he was made Captain of the Guards to Charles X, was made a duke in 1825, and became tutor to the duc de Bordeaux in March 1826.
The series of lithographed ''Vues de Londres'' (Paris, 1862) were executed by his son, also Charles François de Riffardeau, duc de Rivière.
The ''Mémoires posthumes, lettres et pièces authentiques touchant la vie et la moirt de Charles François, duc de Rivière'', edited by Joseph Jacques, vicomte de Naylies, was published in Paris, 1829.
==Notes==
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